Sugar and honey
Honey and Sugar
Granulated sugar (sucrose) and honey have been used since before the Christian era for the healing of wounds in humans, however, despite the excellent results obtained since then, the mechanism of action of both substances were elucidated in the past century.

The “water activity (Aw) is the smallest amount of water required in the environment of a microorganism to reproduce this. Sugar creates an environment with low water content (high osmolarity), since the plasma and lymph tissue migrate out towards the solution and inhibit bacterial growth by decreasing the Aw of the substrate.

Lymph, in turn, provides nutrients to the tissue. The sugar attracts macrophages, which participate in the “cleansing of the wound” accelerates the release of devitalized tissue, necrotic or gangrenous, provides a local energy source and forms a protective protein layer on the wound.

It also has deodorizing properties, since the bacteria use glucose instead of amino acids for their metabolism and produce lactic acid instead of odorous substances (ammonia, amines and sulfur compounds)

The honey promotes healing by the action exerted on cell division, synthesis and maturation of collagen contraction and epithelialization of the wound and improving the nutritional balance.

Antibacterial factor has a high content of hydrogen peroxide and high levels of antioxidants that protect tissue from free radicals. Anti-inflammatory properties have been reported to decrease the edema, exudate and local pain.

Also, acidity (pH below 4) benefits the antibacterial action of macrophages, since an acid pH inside the vacuole is related to bacterial lysis, while reducing the formation of toxic ammonia: this is how the cicatrsation . contributes to acidification,

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